Rotary fluid-engine.



Nirnn STATES ATENT OFFICE.

JOHN FRANCIS COOLEY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR rIO COOLEYDEVELOPMENT COMPANY, OF SACO, MAINE, A CORPORATION OE MAINE.

ROTARY FLUID-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 693,950, dated February25, 1902.

i Application filed August 7, 1901. Serial No. 71,133- (No'model.)

To @ZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN FRANCIS CooLuv,

of Boston, (Allstom) in the countyof Suffolk tary Fluid-Engines, ofwhich the following is;

a specification.

This my invention in its broad scope relates to the construction ofrotary fluiden- 1o gines for propelling or being propelled by fluids-inother words, a rotary Huid-engine which may be operated by externaldevices to produce pressure in a fluid meduim and, conversely, which mayoperate in consequence of pressure in a fluid medium to give mot-ion toexternal devices. I found that when a point was revolving around and ata set distance from an axis at a given `rate of movement upon a planewhich revolved in 2o like direction around an axis slightly offset fromthe axis of revolution of the point and with a comparative rate ofrevolution of the plane to the point, as two to one, three to two,

four to three, &c., then the point delineated and circumscribed upon theplane epicy-- cloidal or hypocycloidal forms, whichjmight also beproduced by the circle and point bearing disk of cyclometry. I noticedthat the movement of two to onev produced the well- 5o known cardioid,the three to two a nephroid, dsc., and I also found that the cardioid'had two such points revolving at the same radial distance around thesame axis which would describe the same epicycloidal curvilinear 3 5form at Vthe same time and that the described bicuspid form (ornephroid) had three such points, the tricuspid had four, dac., and thatif another circumscribed epicycloidal form was described whose cuspscorresponded to 4o these points upon these forms then theirv opposinglines or the axially longitudinal extensions thereof forming surfaces(which would be a condition of practice) would form partitioned spacesbetween their opposing surfaces, presenting conditions which, ifinclosing a iiuid under pressure on either side of a straight line'drawn through the two axes, (supposing the ends to be properly closed bysuitable end plates, preferably identified with 5o one of the movingparts, and in close moving contact with the other,) then theHuid-pressure would cause a rotary movement of the first epicycloidalform, and the corresponding relative movement of the second epieyclcidalform would follow, and if the first form were caused to move the secondwould follow and a pressure be exerted upon the fiuid contained'betweenthe two forms and between the partitions,and the rate ofthe relativeprogression of the second form would be 6o in the same ratio as theaforesaid generatingpoint would hear tothe plane inv producing the firstform, which would be the epicycloidal form of the cardioid, bicuspid,tricuspid, duc. of this engine, and upon this I base my invention. j

In practice my invention consists of the com bined correlativeconstruction and functions vof two rotary and preferably cylindricalele-l ments, a cycloidal cam-surface, and an abu-t- 1o ment radiallypartitioned thereon of equal lengtl1,one within the other,suitablybounded by parallel planes, each part rotating in the samedirection,onein moving contact with the other at the extremitiesof saidpartitions, which. have common radial and mutually equal cyclicdistances moving atarelatively constant rate of speed differing byunity, each upon an axis which is independentof the other y and at aslight predetermined distance or o- 8o set therefrom, but paralleltherewith and of unchanging location, assured by suitable attached axlesor bearing-surfaces in fixed bear- Y ings, wherein the correlativesurface of the cam 'is Vdescribed by the said partition vex-A 85trelnities ofthe other element, producing circumscribed epicycloidal orhypocycl'oidal cam forms or modifications thereof, theabutmentpartitioning and slowly-'moving element'possessing numericallyone more bearing-point 9o than the cam-surface element has rises and ameans for fluid entrance and exit to and from the spaces between them soformed. The part with the partition-bearing points would perform thefunction of a partitioning and spacing device, determining by thedistance between its points, which bear and move upon the opposinglateral surfaces of the other part, the peripheral extent over which andby its relative movementA the diroo rections from which mutual surfaceabutment exists with reference to any therein in' closed Huid. Thispiece herein is called a spacer, because it spaces ofi' the peripheralsurfaces'ofthepiston. Theotherpiece,whose lateralsurfaces oppose thespacerand support the moving contact of the bearing-points thereof, isherein called a pistou The spacer is preferably cylindroid, withprojecting partitions; butthe lateral surfaces of the piston upon whichthe other edge of the partitions contiguously moves must be ofepicycloidal or hypocycloidal generation, and to it or from it powershould be transmitted, preferably, through one or two suitable axialextensions. It is also preferable to close the ends of the moving partsby identifying suitable disks therewith at each end on one of the movingparts, so that they may revolve therewith in close moving Contact withthe other moving part, and when the disks are so identified with one ofthe parts, especially when that part is the spacer, it is preferable toprovide bearing-surfaces on the disk for the support of the spacer,making and providing a central opening in the disk large enough to allowthe movement of the piston-shaft therein,and it is also found necessary,especially in the simplest form of piston, as illustrated in thedrawings, to have gear-teeth in the said openings of the disk, and alsoupon the shaft or on a form attach ed thereto, or otherwise identiliedwith each element, so that they may engage with each other and insureunchanging correlativemovement between the spacer and the piston.

The essence of this invention lies in the correlative construction andfunctional operation of a slowly-rotating cylindricalequiradially-partitioned abutment element,whose divisionallimitationsbear upon a like-directionally faster-rotating cylindricalcam-surface-piston element, the curves of which they describe in theirmovement around their common axis set eccentricaliy to the axis ofrotation of the cam-surface element, when caused to move at correlativespeed rates that reckoned in complete revolutions of both elementsdiffer by unity, and the number of bearingpoints of the one are to thenumber of cam rises of the other as the converse of their speed rates.

My invention consists of certain novel features hereinafter described,and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying dra\vings,which illustrate a construction embodyingmyinvention using the cardioid piston, Figure l is a crosssectional View0n the line ad, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view on theline a a', Fig. l'.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts throughout both views.

A represents a one-rise cam-surface piston provided with a hollow shaftZ, divided by a partition U into chambers B and C, and communicatingwith said chamber B is aport D, and communicating with the chamber C isa port- E. Located around said piston is the spacer F, provided with twointernally-projecting partitions G G, in the extremities of each ofwhich are wearing take-up devices, which are adapted to move radially,the adjustable spline H bearing against the rocking shoes K in contactwith and partitioning or spacing the surface of the piston A, and saidsplines are self-adjusting by means of the springs J. Located on theshaft is the gear M, which meshes with the gear L, which, as shown inthe drawings, (dotted lines, Fig. 2, and partlyin fulllines, Fig. 1,) isprovided in each end plate P, which are secured by suitable bolts to thespacerF. The lugs OO provide positionally-ixed eccentric parallelbearings for both spacer and piston,as shown, on the supports N. Fluidmay enter through the opening Q into the annular space R, thence throughthe two openings S into the chamber C of the hollow shaft Z, thencethrough the port E into the space T between the spacer and the piston,and when said fluid is under pressure therein and this engine isoperated as a motor the fluid presses upon the spacer F over the surfacelimited by the partitions G G and reacts upon the piston A between thesaid partitions G G. The preponderance of the piston-surface being belowthe axis of the shaft Z, a rotary movement is induced by saidfluid-pressure in the direction of the arrow, Fig. Land the gear M,intermeshing with the gear L, causes a like directional rotation of thespacer F in the anguiar velocity ratio of two of the piston to one ofthe spacer, computed in complete revolutions of both parts. When thepiston A has revolved in the direction of the arrow untila diametriqallyopposite position of the piston has been reached to that shown in Fig.1, then the spacer F Will occupy a position in which the vartitions G Gwill stand at right angles to their position shown in Fig. l, and therocking shoes K K will then stand directly over the ports D and E. thepiston (shown in Fig. l as being below the ports D and E) will thenoccupy a portion of the space T, and that portion` shown above the saidports will then occupy a portion of the space V. With the cardiod pistonin this correlative position of the parts, with the engine operating asa motor, it would be upon a dead center and would consequently have' torely upon the momentum of the parts or external force to carry therocking shoes K past -the ports D and E, which when accomplished willallow of the entrance of the fluid through the port E into the space V,in which location of the partitions to the The bulk of IOC IIO

piston the preponderance of the surface of the piston A exposed to thefluid-pressure would be eccentric to the center of revolution of thedivided shaft Z or tangential thereto, causing rotation, as before, inthe direction of the arrow.

At the beginning of the rotary operation of find outlet through the portD into the chamber B and. thence through the openings IV W into theannular space X and out through the i opening Y in the support M. Powermay be communicated to or taken from the shaft Z byanysuitabledriving-pulley or otherdevice.

The mechanical movement disclosed in this application is not claimedherein, but forms the subject matter of another application filed bymeJanuary 17, 1902, Serial No. 90,116.

A multiplicity of cam-rises With thecorrespendingmultiplicityofspacer-bearingpoints thereon are within myinvention.

I do not limit myself to the arrangement and construction shown, as thesame may be varied without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described the nature of my invention and set forth aconstruction embodying the same, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent ofthe United States, is*- 1. In a rotaryfluid-engine, a rotary piston, a rotary spacer having fixed partitionsbearing on the peripheral curved surfaces of the piston, both piston andspacer mounted on different axes of rotation and rotating in the samedirection at relatively constant but dif` ferent rates of speed, andmeans for entrance and exit of fluid.

2. In a rotary fluid-engine, a rotary spacer provided with lixedbearing-points, a rotary piston Whose curved peripheral surfaces arepartitioned olf by said spacer and which is in continuous contact withsaid bearing-points, both spacer and piston rotating in the samedirection at relatively constant but different rates of speed, and meansfor entrance and exit offiuid. t y

3. In a rotary duid-engine, a rotary spacer i provded'with fixedequidistant bearing points, a rotary piston whose curved peripheralsurfaces are partitioned off by said spacer and form with it separatefluid-divisions and which is in continuous contact with said bearing-points, both spacer and piston rotating in the same direction atrelatively constant but different rates of' speed, and meansfor entranceand exit of fluid.

4. In a rotary Huid-engine, a rotary spacer provided with fixedbearing-points, a rotary piston whose curved peripheral surfaces arepartitioned oft by said spacer and which is in continuous contact withsaid bearing-points, both spacer and piston mounted on different axes ofrotation and rotating in the same direct-ion at relatively constant butdifferent rates of speed, and means for entrance and exit of fluid.

5. In a rotary fluid-engine, a rotary spacer provided with fixedequidistant bearingpoints, a rotary piston in continuous contact withsaid bearing-points and forming separate fluid-divisions and locatedeccentrically to said spacer, both piston and spacer rotating' in thesame direction at relatively constant but different rates of speed, andmeans for entrance and exit of fluid. y

6. In a rotary tluid-engi`ne, a rotary spacer provided withrtixedequidistant bearingpoints, a rotary piston in continuous contactwith said bearing-points and forming Separate duid-divisions and locatedeccentrically to said spacer, both piston and spacer rotating in thesame direction at relatively constant but different rates of speed-thespeed of the piston exceeding the speed of the spacer by such an amountthat` the terms of' their ratio when'reduced to their lowest integralnumbers differ by unityand means for entrance and exit of fluid. l

7. In a rotary fluid-engine, an axially-rotating cylindrical hollowspacer provided at equal distances upon its inner surface with fixedequidistaut bearing-points, a rotary cylindroid piston in continuouscontact with said bearing-points and provided with an axis parallel tothe axis of said spacer and rotating in the same direction as the spacerat a relatively constant but dierent rate of speed, which speed of thepiston exceeds that of the spacer by such an amount that thel terms oftheir ratio when reduced to their lowestintegral numbers differ byunity, and means for entrance and exit of Huid.

8. In a rotary fluid-engine, the combination of twolike directionalrotary elements caused to move one within the other onvparallel fixedaxes, at correlatively constant. speed rates dif-l .fering by such anamount that theterms of IOC v their ratio when reduced to their lowestin tegral numbers differ by unity, the element,

of slow speed having fixed projections whose extremites formbearing-points at equal ra dial distances from its axis and equallyspaced along their circular path of travel, and moving in continuouscontact with the element of higher speed whose correlative curvedsurface is formed to correspond to the path of said extremities, andmeans for entrance and exit of finid to and from the partitioned spaces.c

9. In a rotary fluid-engine, the combination of two like directionalrotary elements caused to move one within the other on parallel fixedaxes at correlatively constant speed rates difa -I ferin g by suchamount that the terms of their ratio when reduced to their lowestintegral numbers differ by unity, the element of slow speed having fixedprojections whose extremii ties form bearing-points at equal radialdistances from its axis and equally spaced along their circular path oftravel and moving in continuous contact with the element of higherspeed, whose curved surface is formed to cora respond to the path ofsaid extremities when their number equals the greater of the two termsof the correlative speed ratio when expressed in their smallest integralnumbers,

means for entrance and exit of fluid, and en d plates fastened to oneelement and contiguous to the other.

10. In a rotary fluid-engine, the combination of two like directionalrotary elements caused to move one within the other on parallelpositionally-fixed axes at correlatively constant speed rates diieriugby such au amount that the terms of their ratio when reduced to theirlowest integralnumbers differ by unity, the element of slow speed havingfixed projections whose extremities form bearing-points at equal radialdistances from its axis and equally spaced along their circular path oftravel, and moving in continuous contact with the element of higherspeed whose correlative curved surface is formed lo correspond to thepath of said extremities when their number equals the greater of the twotermsof the correlative speed ratio when expressed in their smallestintegral numbers, means for entrance and exit of iiuid, end platesfastened to one element and contigw ous to the other, and each elementprovided with geared surfaces which mutually intermesh.

11. In a rotary huid-engine, the combination of two like directionalrotary elements caused to move one within the other on parallelpositionally-ixed axes at correlativcly constant speed ratios diering`by such an amount that 4'the terms of their ratio when reduced to theirlowest integral numbers dier by unity, the element of slow speed havingfixed projections whose extremities are armed with adjustableWearing-shoes which form bearing-points at equal radial distances fromits axis and equally spaced along their circular path of travel andmovingin continuous contact with the element of higher speed whosecorrelative curved surface is formed to correspond to the path of saidshoes when their number equals the greater of the two terms of thecorrelative speed ratio when expressed in their smallest integralnumbers, means for entrance and exit of fluid, end plates fastened toone element and contiguous to the other, and each element provided withgeared surfaces which mutually intermesh. l

12. In a rotary Huid-engine, a rotary piston, a rotary spacer with fixedprojections for partitioning off the peripheral curved surfaces of thepiston, both piston and spacer mounted on different axes of rotationandV rotating in the same direction at relatively constant but differentrates of speed, a hollow shaft through which is effected the entranceand exit of the Huid.

13. In arotaryfluid-engine, a rotary piston, a rotary spacer with fixedprojections for partitioning olf the peripheral curved surfaces of thepiston and surrounding the piston, both piston and spacer mounted ondifferent axes of rotation and rotating in the same di.- rection atrelatively constant but different rates of speed, and means for entranceand exit of Huid.

14. In a rotary fiuid-en gi 11e,- a rotary piston, a rotary spacer withxed projections for partitioning olf the peripheral curved surfaces ofthe piston and surrounding the piston, both piston and spacer mounted ondiferent axes of rotation and rotating in the same direction atrelatively constant but different rates of speed, a hollow shaft uponwhich the projection is mounted and through which is effected theentrance and exit of the fluid.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses, this 5th day of August, A. D.1901.

JOHN FRANCIS GOOLEY.

Witnesses:

A. L. MESSER, C. A. STEWART.

